Test Bank Clinically Oriented Anatomy 7th Edition Moore – Agur – Dalley

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1. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the ribs?
A) The first 7 are referred to as vertebrosternal ribs.
B) Ribs 11 and 12 are typically “floating” (vertebral, free) ribs.
C) The tubercle of a typical rib attaches to the inferior articular facet of the corresponding vertebrae.
D) The head of a typical rib articulates with the bodies of two vertebrae.
E) The costal groove is associated with the intercostal vessels and nerve.
Ans: C

2. Rib fractures:
A) are more likely to occur in children than adults.
B) are most likely to occur at the junction of the rib and its corresponding vertebrae.
C) most often occur in the 1st rib.
D) in the lower ribs may be associated with tearing of the diaphragm.
E) are not typically painful.
Ans: D

3. The sternal angle:
A) indicates the location of the joint between the costal cartilage of the 2nd rib and the sternum.
B) occurs where the 1st rib attaches to the sternum.
C) is the least likely part of the sternum to fracture in the elderly.
D) occurs at the sternoclavicular joint.
E) is a depression in the body of the sternum.
Ans: A

4. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the sternum?
A) It may be surgically split in the median plane to gain access to the thoracic cavity.
B) It may be used for a bone marrow biopsy.
C) It may have a perforation (sternal foramen) that is sometimes the site of a pleural herniation, which is a life-threatening situation.
D) In violent thoracic trauma (e.g., automobile accident), comminuted fractures are not uncommon.
E) Its xiphoid process may partially ossify, producing a pronounced lump.
Ans: C

5. The superior thoracic aperture:
A) is bounded posteriorly by the axis.
B) is bounded anterolaterally by the clavicle.
C) is bounded anteriorly by the trachea.
D) is a larger opening than the inferior thoracic aperture.
E) is, anatomically, the thoracic inlet.
Ans: E

6. Which of the following associations is incorrect?
A) rib separation—separation of a rib and its costal cartilage
B) rib dislocation (slipping rib syndrome)—separation of a costal cartilage from the sternum
C) joints between costal cartilage of ribs 2–7 and sternum—symphyses
D) rib movements—mostly around a transverse axis passing through the head, neck, and tubercle
E) rib movements—increase A-P diameter of the thorax during respiration
Ans: C

7. Which of the following associations is incorrect?
A) serratus posterior superior—potentially can elevate superior ribs
B) scalenus anterior—stabilizes 1st rib enabling more effective rib elevation during forced inspiration
C) external intercostal muscles—attach to the sternum
D) intercostal vessels and nerve—travel between internal and innermost intercostals muscles
E) diaphragm—primary muscle of respiration
Ans: C

8. The endothoracic fascia:
A) is continuous with the clavipectoral fascia.
B) provides a surgical cleavage plane between the thoracic wall and the costal parietal pleura.
C) attaches to the suspensory ligaments of the breast.
D) contains the intercostal muscles.
E) may become fibrous and thus interfere with normal respiratory movements.
Ans: B

9. A patient complains to you of pain in a limited strip on one side of his chest and back. Upon examination you notice that the skin associated with the T3 dermatome of that side is red with vesicular eruptions. Which of the following is your most reasonable conclusion about your patient’s illness?
A) He has syphilis.
B) He has shingles (herpes zoster).
C) He has localized dermatitis.
D) An underlying thoracic disease has spread through the thoracic wall to the skin.
E) It is likely that the condition will spread to surrounding dermatomes before it improves.
Ans: B

10. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the internal thoracic (mammary) artery?
A) It helps supply the breast via its anterior intercostal branches.
B) It passes anterior to the clavicle.
C) It lies superficial to the slips of the transverse thoracic muscle.
D) It is in contact with the parietal pleura.
E) It terminates in the 6th intercostal space by becoming the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries.
Ans: B

11. A women patient complains to you that her breasts have a strange appearance. Upon examination you notice dimples in the skin of her breast. You know that the most likely explanation for these dimples (peau d’ orange sign) is:
A) interference with lymph drainage.
B) pregnancy.
C) overproduction of milk.
D) menopause.
E) bacterial infection of the lactiferous ducts (ductus lactiferi).
Ans: A

12. Lymphatic drainage of the breast:
A) is principally to the ipsilateral parasternal lymph nodes.
B) and ultimately from both breasts enters the thoracic duct.
C) is principally to the ipsilateral internal thoracic vein.
D) is principally to the ipsilateral axillary nodes.
E) is principally to the ipsilateral lymph vessels running deep to the pectoralis major.
Ans: D

13. Simple mastectomy for breast cancer involves removal of:
A) all breast tissue and the underlying muscles.
B) the nipple and areola.
C) only one breast quadrant.
D) all breast tissue superficial to the retromammary space.
E) all of the lymph nodes that drain the breast.
Ans: D

14. Your examination of a male patient reveals a tender subareolar mass in his breast. Which of the following conditions is most likely based on this finding?
A) gynecomastia
B) Klinefelter’s syndrome
C) cancer
D) shingles
E) fibrous atrophy of his pectoralis major
Ans: C

15. It is common to explain the relationships between the lung and surrounding structures by using the analogy of a fist inserted into a balloon. Accordingly, which of the following group of associations would be accurate?
A) fist—pleural cavity; space between inner and outer balloon layers—mediastinum; outer layer of balloon—endothoracic fascia
B) fist—lung; space between inner and outer balloon layers—pleural cavity; outer layer of balloon—endothoracic fascia
C) fist—lung; space between inner and outer balloon layers—pleural cavity; outer layer of balloon—parietal pleura
D) fist—lung; space between inner and outer balloon layers—pleural cavity; outer layer of balloon—visceral pleura
E) fist—pleural cavity; inner layer of balloon—visceral pleural; space between inner and outer balloon layers—endothoracic surgical plane
Ans: C

16. Pertaining to the pleura, the:
A) diaphragmatic pleura is part of the visceral pleura.
B) suprapleural membrane is part of the parietal pleura.
C) costodiaphragmatic recess is larger during inspiration than during expiration.
D) costal pleural reflection passes obliquely across the 6th rib in the midclavicular line, the 8th rib in the midaxillary line, and the 10th rib at its neck.
E) parietal and visceral layers of pleura are continuous at the pulmonary ligament.
Ans: E

17. A plain radiograph of a patient following a knife wound to the left side of his neck showed elevation of the left hemidiaphragm, narrowing of the left intercostals spaces, and displacement of the trachea to the left. You suspect:
A) hemothorax due to blood from the wound.
B) pneumothorax due to knife penetration of the cervical pleura.
C) transection of the phrenic nerve.
D) transection of the sympathetic trunk.
E) pleurisy.
Ans: B

18. Which of the following would be the safest locations to insert a needle for thoracocentesis of the pleural cavity during expiration?
A) immediately superior to the 10th rib at the midaxillary line
B) immediately inferior to the 9th rib at the midaxillary line
C) immediately superior to the 5th rib at the midclavicular line
D) between the costal cartilages of the left 4th and 5th ribs
E) between the costal cartilages of the right 4th and 5th ribs
Ans: A

19. During auscultation of the lungs:
A) it is normal to hear the sliding of the parietal and visceral layers of pleura.
B) it is normal to hear the movement of the pleural fluid.
C) pleural rub sounds indicate pleuritis or pleurisy.
D) pleural rub sounds indicate a loss of negative pressure in the pleural cavity.
E) pleural rub sounds indicate pneumonia.
Ans: C

20. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the surface anatomy of the lungs?
A) Typically, the right lung has three lobes, and the left lung has two.
B) The lingula extends into and out of the costodiaphragmatic recess during respiration.
C) Vascular and nervous structures enter each lung at its hilum.
D) The apex of each lung is in contact with the diaphragm.
E) The mediastinal surface of each lung is related to the heart and pericardium.
Ans: D

21. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to bronchopulmonary segments?
A) Each is separated from adjacent segments by visceral pleura.
B) Each is supplied independently by a tertiary bronchus and tertiary branch of the pulmonary artery.
C) Each is surgically resectable.
D) Each is drained by intersegmental parts of the pulmonary veins that lie in the tissue between segments.
E) There are approximately eight to ten in each lung.
Ans: A

22. Spread of bronchiogenic carcinoma to the bronchiomediastinal lymph nodes might be indicated by:
A) loss of cough reflex.
B) pleurisy.
C) distorted and displaced carina.
D) fluid sounds upon lung percussion.
E) segmental atelectasis.
Ans: C

23. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to any bronchial artery or vein?
A) drains to the azygos vein
B) supplies lung tissue
C) arises from the pulmonary trunk
D) supplies the esophagus
E) supplies visceral pleura
Ans: C

24. Almost immediately following a compound fracture of the femur in an automobile accident, an otherwise healthy patient suffered severe respiratory distress and died. The most likely cause of death was:
A) loss of blood.
B) infection.
C) pulmonary fat embolism.
D) sympathetic overactivity.
E) myocardial infarction.
Ans: C

25. Which of the following pertaining to lung (bronchiogenic) carcinoma is least likely?
A) a persistent cough
B) spitting of blood (hemoptysis)
C) metastasis to bronchopulmonary nodes
D) enlarged supraclavicular nodes
E) enlarged axillary nodes
Ans: E

26. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the innervation of the lung or any part of the pleura?
A) It receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.
B) Cough reflex fibers (visceral afferents) accompany the vagus nerve.
C) Pain fibers supplied by intercostal nerves.
D) Pain can be referred to the shoulder.
E) Intrinsic smooth muscle is supplied by phrenic nerve.
Ans: E

27. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the anatomy of the lung and/or pleura?
A) The parietal pleural generally extends three ribs inferior to the lung.
B) The bifurcation of the trachea occurs approximately at the level of the sternal angle.
C) The right main bronchus is wider and more vertical than the left.
D) Each main bronchus supplies a lung.
E) The right lung has a horizontal fissure.
Ans: A

28. In the following PA radiograph of the thorax, the arrow points to:

A) the stomach.
B) the dome of the right hemidiaphragm.
C) the 12th rib.
D) the lower margin of the left lung.
E) the lower margin of the right lung.
Ans: B

29. In the following illustration, the arrows points to a line that represents the:

A) separation between the superior thoracic aperture and the mediastinum.
B) separation between the superior mediastinum and the inferior mediastinum.
C) separation between the superior and inferior thoracic lymph drainage areas.
D) separation between the axillary and abdominal lymph drainage of the breast.
E) level of the jugular notch.
Ans: B

30. All of the following are true of the mediastinum except:
A) it consists primarily of hollow (air or liquid filled) visceral structures.
B) it contains the lungs.
C) it has relationships that change depending on whether the patient is in the upright or supine position.
D) when widened inferiorly, it may indicate heart failure.
E) it contains lymph nodes.
Ans: B

31. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the pericardium?
A) It consists of visceral and parietal layers of serous pericardium, and the fibrous pericardium.
B) The visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium are continuous around the aorta and pulmonary trunk where they exit the heart.
C) It is mainly supplied with blood from the pericardiophrenic artery.
D) It has pain fibers that are conveyed by the intercostal nerves.
E) It encloses the terminal part of the inferior vena cava.
Ans: D

32. Cardiac tamponade refers to:
A) the effect of a pneumothorax on the heart.
B) the buildup of fluid in the pericardial cavity that impedes the pumping of the heart.
C) the rustle-of-silk sound heard in a stethoscope when there is pericarditis.
D) pericardial calcification.
E) pain from a heart attack.
Ans: B

33. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the apex of the heart?
A) It is formed by the inferolateral part of the left ventricle.
B) Typically it lies posterior to the left 5th intercostal space in adults.
C) It underlies the site where the “heartbeat” may be auscultated on the thoracic wall.
D) It is where the sounds of the mitral valve closure are maximal (apex beat).
E) It is bisected by the coronary groove.
Ans: E

34. In the following illustration, the arrow traverses the:

A) transverse pericardial sinus.
B) oblique pericardial sinus.
C) costopericardial recess.
D) pericardial venous sinus.
E) sinus venosus.
Ans: A

35. Which of the following associations is incorrect?
A) right border of the heart—right atrium
B) diaphragmatic surface of the heart—mainly left ventricle
C) left border of the heart—mainly left atrium
D) anterior surface of the heart—mainly right ventricle
E) superior border—right and left atria and auricles
Ans: C

36. Which of the following structures is not associated with the right atrium?
A) crista terminalis
B) pectinate muscles
C) oval fossa (fossa ovalis)
D) opening of coronary sinus
E) tendinous chords (chordae tendinea)
Ans: E

37. The septomarginal trabeculae (moderator band) is important because it:
A) conducts subendocardial branches (Purkinje fibers) from the AV node to the anterior papillary muscle.
B) funnels the blood of the right ventricle into the infundibulum.
C) is the thickest part of the myocardium of the left ventricle.
D) prevents blood during systole from reentering the left atrium.
E) provides the fibrous skeleton to which the heart valves are attached.
Ans: A

38. The mitral valve:
A) is located between the right atrium and ventricle.
B) has cusps attached to pectinate muscles.
C) has three cusps.
D) is associated with a condition (mitral valve prolapse) in which blood regurgitates into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts.
E) is located posterior to the sternum at the level of the 2nd costal cartilage.
Ans: D

39. Stenosis of the aortic valve is associated with all of the following except:
A) turbulence as the blood exits the heart.
B) murmurs heard with a stethoscope.
C) thrills felt on the surface of the chest.
D) acute occurrence.
E) left ventricular hypertrophy.
Ans: D

40. “Dominance” of the coronary arterial system is determined by the coronary artery that:
A) is larger.
B) supplies the AV node.
C) supplies the SA node.
D) supplies the posterior interventricular artery (posterior descending artery).
E) branches first from the aorta.
Ans: D

41. The right coronary artery typically:
A) supplies both the AV and SA nodes.
B) supplies most of the interventricular septum.
C) has a circumflex branch.
D) passes to the left side of the pulmonary trunk after arising from the right aortic sinus.
E) supplies the fibrous pericardium.
Ans: A

42. Following a heart attack you tell a patient that he now has a myocardial infarction. You explain this as:
A) a blockage of his smallest cardiac veins (venae cordae minimae).
B) an area of his myocardium that is necrotic.
C) an area of his myocardium that is fibrillating.
D) an area of his myocardium that is paradoxically contracting.
E) an area of his myocardium that is edematous.
Ans: B

43. In the emergency room you examine a patient experiencing angina pectoris. Which of the following is least likely to be associated with your patient?
A) severe, crushing pain deep to the sternum
B) ischemia to a part of his myocardium
C) a partial or complete blockage of a coronary artery
D) decreased oxygen exchange in the lungs
E) pain relief with rest
Ans: D