Pagliarulo: Introduction to Physical Therapy, 4th Edition

Chapter 01: The Profession of Physical Therapy: Definition and Development

Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.	What was the original purpose of the Physical Therapist Scope of Practice?
A.	To limit the types of patients for whom PTs could provide intervention
B.	To limit the number of patients PTs could see in one day
C.	To limit the variety of definitions of physical therapy
D.	To help PTs become better involved in litigation

ANS: C
RAT: Each state has the right to define the profession of physical therapy and relate its practice. Such definitions are commonly included in legislation known as Practice Acts. To limit the variety of definitions, the APTA created the Physical Therapists Scope of Practice. 
REF: Page 4

2.	What is the name of the document produced by the APTA that describes the approach of the physical therapist to patient care?
A.	Guide to Physical Therapist Practice
B.	Model Definition of Physical Therapy for State Practice Acts
C.	Physical Therapists Scope of Practice
D.	Guide to State Practice Acts

ANS: A
RAT: The Guide to Physical Therapists Practice is a pivotal document describing the approach of the physical therapist to patient care. 
REF: Page 4

3.	What part of the physical therapy patient management model includes establishing a diagnosis and prognosis that includes a plan of care?
A.	Examination
B.	Evaluation
C.	Intervention
D.	Research

ANS: B
RAT: An evaluation is conducted to interpret the findings of an examination and is used to establish a diagnosis and prognosis that includes a plan of care.
REF: Page 4

4.	Who are the only individuals that may provide physical therapy interventions under the direction of a physical therapist?
A.	Physical therapy technicians
B.	Doctors of Osteopathy
C.	Chiropractors
D.	Physical therapist assistants (PTAs)

ANS: D
RAT: Physical therapists are the only professions who provide physical therapy interventions. PTAs are the only individuals who provide selected physical therapy interventions under the direction and at least general supervision of a PT.
REF: Page 6

5.	Which of the following would be outside the physical therapist’s scope of practice?
A.	Fitting a client with crutches
B.	Joint mobilizations
C.	Ergonomic assessment
D.	Suggesting a client double her dosage of blood pressure medication

ANS: D
RAT: Fitting a clinet with crutches, performing joint mobilizations and performing ergonomic assessments are all included in the physical therapist scope of practice. Medication adjustments should only be performed by a medical doctor.
REF: Page 5

6.	In order for a PTA education program to be accredited, what type of degree should students attain upon graduation?
A.	Baccalaureate 
B.	Associate
C.	Post baccalaureate 
D.	Doctorate

ANS: B
RAT: Criteria for accreditation stipulate that the degree for a professional level PT education program must be at the post baccalaureate level and that the degree for a PTA education program is the associate degree. 
REF: Page 7

7.	Independent and accurate judgment is inherent in every evaluation, plan of care, and discharge plan conducted by the PT. This describes which of the following criteria to define a profession?
A.	Lifetime commitment
B.	Representative organization
C.	Service to clients
D.	Autonomy of judgment 

ANS: D
RAT: Autonomy of judgment applies regardless of whether the therapist practices in a jurisdiction where a physician’s referral is required by law. Independent and accurate judgment is inherent in every evaluation, plan of care and discharge plan conducted by the PT.
REF: Pages 7-8

8.	What event brought techniques of physical therapy to the United States? 
A.	The Revolutionary War
B.	World War I
C.	World War II
D.	Vietnam War

ANS: B
RAT: Modern techniques of physical therapy were practiced extensively in Europe, particularly in England and France, before being used in the United States. It took the outbreak of polio epidemics in World War I to bring these techniques to the United States. 
REF: Page 8

9.	Epidemics of what childhood disease in Europe led to development of early physical therapy techniques?
A.	Cerebral Palsy
B.	Myasthenia Gravis
C.	Polio
D.	Measles

ANS: C
RAT: Epidemics of polio in the late 1800s and early 1900s left tens of thousands of children paralyzed and in need of physical therapy. 
REF: Page 9

10.	What group of women were the forerunners of the profession and practice of physical therapy in the United States?
A.	Physical Therapist Aides
B.	Reconstruction Aides
C.	Physical Therapist Technicians
D.	Reconstruction Technicians

ANS: B
RAT: Reconstruction aides were responsible for providing physical reconstruction to injured soldiers in World War I. 
REF: Page 9

11.	What was the year of the first National Organization Meeting for early physical therapists? 
A.	1894
B.	1911
C.	1921
D.	1932

ANS: C
RAT: At the suggestion of a military physician, reconstruction aides (early physical therapists) met on January 25, 1921 in New York City. 
REF: Page 10

12.	Which of the following was not a founding objective of the American Women’s Physical Therapeutic Association?
A.	To establish and maintain a professional and scientific standard for those engaged in the profession of physical therapeutics 
B.	To increase efficiency among its members by encouraging them in advanced study
C.	To make available efficiently trained men to the medical profession
D.	To sustain social fellowship and intercourse on grounds of mutual interest

ANS: C
RAT: Only women were involved in the original American Women’s Therapeutic Association. 
REF: Page 11

13.	What year were men first admitted to the American Physiotherapy Association? 
A.	1920
B.	1921
C.	1922
D.	1923

ANS: D
RAT: The name of the American Women’s Physical Therapeutic Association was changed to the America Physiotherapy Association in 1922, and two men were admitted in 1923. 
REF: Page 11

14.	How long was the initial suggested curriculum for a physiotherapist as published by the APA in 1928?
A.	6 months
B.	9 months
C.	1 year
D.	2 years

ANS: B
RAT: The APA developed a suggested curriculum for physiotherapy and published it in 1928. This was a 9 month program consisting of 1200 total clock hours.
REF: Page 12

15.	Why were emergency 6-month courses authorized to train individuals in the practice of physical therapy?
A.	To treat the wounded soldiers of World War I
B.	To treat an influx of children diagnosed with polio
C.	There was a greater need for physical therapists in underserved countries
D.	To meet the demands of injured soldiers in World War II

ANS: D
RAT: To meet the demands of injured soldiers in World War II, 8 emergency 6-month courses were authorized to be offered among the 15 approved full-length programs in physical therapy. The shortened courses were discontinued in 1946 when war related demands for services dropped. 
REF: Page 13

16.	Who is responsible for establishing the physical therapy technique of application of moist heat to permit mobilizations and prevent contractures in individuals with polio?
A.	Mary McMillan 
B.	Berta Bobath
C.	James Syriax
D.	Elizabeth Kenny

ANS: D
RAT: Although the other individuals were integral in establishing early physical therapy techniques, Elizabeth Kenny used moist heat to permit mobilization and prevent contractures for individuals with polio.
REF: Page 13

17.	In what decade did the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) adopt policy statements to clarify the preparation and use of PTAs and aides?
A.	1940s
B.	1950s
C.	1960s
D.	1970s

ANS: C
RAT: The APTA adopted policy statements in the 1960s to clarify the preparation and use of PTAs and aides. These positions were necessary to meet the growing demand for services. 
REF: Page 14

18.	What agency was established in 1983 for accrediting education programs for PTs and PTAs?
A.	American Physical Therapy Association
B.	American Medical Association (AMA)
C.	Commission on Accreditation for Physical Therapists and Physical Therapist Assistants
D.	The Commission on Accreditation and Education

ANS: D
RAT: In 1983, after contesting the value of the AMA in the accreditation process, the Commission on Accreditation and Education became the sole agency for accrediting education programs for PTs and PTAs. This recognition marked the maturity of the profession.
REF: Page 14

19.	What was the first state to have direct access for physical therapy?
A.	California
B.	Louisiana
C.	Nebraska
D.	Maryland

ANS: C
RAT: In 1957, Nebraska became the first state to have direct access. The second state to enact legislation for direct access was California in 1968.
REF: Page 15

20.	What organization was initiated to promote and support research in physical therapy?
A.	The Foundation for Physical Therapy 
B.	Education research in Physical Therapy 
C.	Foundation for Education Research
D.	Physical Therapy Research Foundation 

ANS: A
RAT: The Foundation for Physical Therapy was initiated in 1979 to promote and support research in physical therapy. 
REF: Page 15

21.	What organization, established in 1998, is a separate deliberative body for PTAs?
A.	PTA Lobbyist Group
B.	Representative Body of PTAs
C.	Associate Member Representation Group
D.	Representative Body of the National Assembly

ANS: D
RAT: In 1998 a separate deliberative body for PTAs, the Representative Body of the National Assembly, was approved. 
REF: Page 16

22.	In what year did the APTA board of directors issue a position and description of the elements of autonomous practice? 
A.	2001
B.	2002
C.	2003
D.	2004

ANS: C 
RAT: In 2003 the APTA board of directors issued a position listing and describing the elements of autonomous practice. This position indicates that PTs have the capability to exercise professional judgment to practice under direct access within their scope of practice and to refer clients to other healthcare professionals when necessary. 
REF: Page 16

23.	What degree will be required by physical therapy schools to receive accreditation for physical therapy education programs in 2015?
A.	Associate degree
B.	Masters degree 
C.	Bachelor degree
D.	Doctorate degree

ANS: D
RAT: The DPT degree will be required for accreditation by December 31, 2015. 

24.	Which of the following is defined as the primary regard or devotion to the interest of clients, and placing the needs of clients ahead of the physical therapist self interest?
A.	Accountability
B.	Altruism
C.	Compassion
D.	Excellence

ANS: B
RAT: Altruism is the primary regard for or devotion to the interest of clients, thus assuming the fiduciary responsibility of placing the needs of the client ahead of the physical therapist’s self interest.
REF: Page 19

25.	What is the promotion of a mutual trust between the profession and the large public that necessitates responding to societal needs for health and wellness?
A.	Excellence
B.	Integrity
C.	Professional duty
D.	Social responsibility 

ANS: D
RAT: Social responsibility is the promotion of a mutual trust between the profession and the large public that necessitates responding to societal needs for health and wellness.
REF: Page 19